Nanotechnology in Cancer Management: Precise Diagnostics toward Personalized Health Care
Book Description
This Book provides a well-focused and comprehensive overview of technologies involved in early stage cancer diagnostics via the detection of various cancer biomarkers, both in-vitro and in-vivo. The book briefly describes the advancement in cancer biomarker research relating to cancer diagnostics, covering fundamental aspects of various techniques, especially transduction methodologies, such as electrochemical, optical, magnetic, etc. In addition, it describes approaches on how to make options cost-effective, scalable for clinical application, and user-friendly. Advancements in technology related to device miniaturization, performance improvement and point-of-care applications round out discussions. Final sections cover future challenges, the prospects of various techniques, and how the introduction of nanotechnology in cancer management in a personalized manner is useful.
A schematic description on the development of the ac-EHD microfluidic assays towards the cancer nanomedicine diagnostics.
Towards personalized cancer treatment: From diagnostics to therapy monitoring in miniaturized electrohydrodynamic systems
Personalized cancer treatment facilitates the therapy based on the patient’s characteristic cancer morphology which could ultimately improve the clinical outcome as cancer is considered a complex disease. We provide a general introduction on miniaturized systems for cancer diagnosis, discuss the theory of ac-EHD, how it can be applied for cancer diagnostics, and critically review the latest advancements in cancer biomarker profiling by miniaturized diagnostic systems. We also discusses about the current challenges in cancer diagnostics and also provide information about the future of the microfluidic system for a better cancer treatment strategy.
Parallel profiling of cancer cells and proteins using a graphene oxide functionalized ac-EHD SERS immunoassay
We report parallel detection of cellular and molecular markers (protein) for cancer using a multiplex platform featuring i) graphene oxide (GO) functionalization that increases the active surface area and more importantly reduces the functionalization steps for rapid detection ii) alternating-current electrohydrodynamic (ac-EHD) fluid flow that provide delicate micro-mixing to enhance target-sensor interactions thereby minimize non-specific binding and iii) surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for multiplex detection. We demonstrate the specific and sensitive detection of breast cancer cells from a mixture of non-target cells and report the heterogeneous expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) proteins on the individual cancer cell surface. Concurrently, we detect as low as 100 fg/mL HER2 and Mucin 16 proteins spiked in blood serum.
Immune checkpoint blockade therapies are promising next generation immunotherapeutic treatments for cancer. Whilst sequential solid biopsies are an invaluable source of prognostic information, they are not feasible for monitoring therapeutic outcomes over time. Monitoring soluble immune checkpoint markers expression in body fluids could potentially be a better alternative.
A SERS microfluidic platform for targeting multiple soluble immune checkpoints
Herein, we report a SERS ac-EHD assay for the detection of immune checkpoint proteins which involves the use of nano yeast single chain variable fragment (scFv) as a promising alternative to monoclonal antibodies providing high stability at relative low-cost and simplicity for production. Further, graphene oxide functionalised surface to reduces the bio functionalization steps.Using this platform, we successfully demonstrated the detection of clinically relevant soluble immune checkpoints PD-1, PD-L1 and LAG-3 from as low as 100 fg/mL of analytes spiked in human serum.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956566318308467
Electrohydrodynamic-Induced SERS Immunoassay for Extensive Multiplexed Biomarker Sensing
This approach demonstrated the specific and sensitive detection of clinically relevant biomarkers including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2); Mucin 1, cell surface associated (MUC1); epidermal growth factor receptor; and Mucin 16, cell surface associated (MUC16) at concentrations as low as 10 fg mL−1 in patient serum using SERS and ac-EHD platform.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/smll.201602902
Biosensors based on electrochemical detection system
Bisphenol A Sensor
Tyrosinase conjugated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite interface for bisphenol A sensor sensor
Xanthine Sensor
Pearl shaped highly sensitive Mn3O4 nanocomposite interface for biosensor applications
Cholesterol Sensor
Lipid−Lipid Interactions in Aminated Reduced Graphene Oxide Interface for Biosensing Application